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The Internet of Things, or IoT as it is more widely known, is a network of objects ranging from cars to home appliances, and connections that allow these items to interact and share data. It includes hardware and software applications. Therefore, the Internet of Things needs to extend Internet connectivity from typical devices such as desktops, laptops, mobile phones, and tablets to anything, including those that are not connected to the Internet. These gadgets equipped with IoT technology can not only connect and interact with each other, but also remotely monitor and control them. IoT boards, also called development boards or prototype boards, are hardware platforms that are often used to create prototypes of manufacturers' ideas. There are multiple options available, including microcontroller-based boards, single board computers (SBC), and even cellular-enabled IoT boards.

Arduino Uno Rev3 is an open source microcontroller board manufactured by the technology company Arduino, based on the Microchip ATmega328P microprocessor. The board has multiple digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that can be used to connect to other expansion boards (shield) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power connector, an ICSP connector, and a reset button. First, simply connect it to a computer via a USB connection or use an AC-DC converter or battery to power it, because it is equipped with everything needed to support a microcontroller. Arduino Uno is simple to use, inexpensive, and comes with various sensors and third-party libraries. This is a popular IoT board that can be used for a wide variety of (online and free) resources.

This is one of the popular IoT boards based on IoT technology. The latest version of the low-cost Raspberry Pi computer is the brand new Raspberry Pi 4 Type B. This credit card-sized electronic board has several enhancements. For starters, the power connector is USB-C, which can hold an additional 500mA current and provide 1.2A for downstream USB devices. A pair of D-type (micro) HDMI connectors are installed instead of A-type (full-size) HDMI connectors, allowing dual display output within the footprint of the existing circuit board. In Raspberry Pi 4, the Gigabit Ethernet magjack is now located in the upper right corner of the board instead of the lower right corner. It has a new operating system based on Debian 10 Buster, which will be released soon. The user interface has been revised and includes new programs such as the Chromium 74 web browser. In addition, the Mesa "V3D" driver replaces the traditional graphics driver stack used on previous models, allowing the deletion of nearly half of the platform's closed source code, the ability to run 3D applications in a window under X, and OpenGL accelerated web browsing Combine with the desktop.

The retail price of Rock Pi 4C is US$74.95. It is a version of Rock Pi 4 similar to the open specification. It is Radxa's SBC based on Rockchip RK3399. It is built on Rock Pi 4B, which is a $74.95 model with 4GB of RAM and a Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module. One of its most notable features is the Mini DisplayPort, which provides dual-monitor compatibility. The full-size HDMI 2.0 port has been replaced with a micro-HDMI port, and mini-DP is enabled through the USB Type-C controller of the RK3399 SoC. This SBC also has a new 64-bit microcontroller RAM module; in many respects, it is comparable to Rock Pi 4B, whose layout and feature set are similar to Raspberry Pi. Includes two USB 3.0 ports and two USB 2.0 ports.

Adafruit FONA MiniGSM is a unique mobile phone module that allows you to add voice, text, SMS and data to your project. Using 2G SIM, the board can be connected to any global GSM network. A 3-5V microcontroller is also needed. With Adafruit FONA, you can use the headset to make and receive phone conversations, send and receive SMS messages, send and receive GPRS data (TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.), and scan and receive FM radio broadcasts from anywhere. Other advantages include noise-free warning from buzzer vibration motor control and AT command interface with "auto baud rate" recognition function. This is one of the best IoT boards based on IoT technology.

Adafruit Giant Board is the world's first Feather form factor single board computer (SBC). It comes with Debian Linux pre-installed with a 500MHz Microchip SAMA5D2 ARM Cortex-A5 processor. It supports LiPo battery and has MicroSD storage and up to 128 MB DDR2 RAM memory. It is small and is designed to help manufacturers use Adafruit's Blinka library for CircuitPython. Giant Board also has good documentation. Its price is also very reasonable, about 100 US dollars.

This is also one of the best IoT boards based on IoT technology. The Discovery STMP32MP157C encryption board, like the Giant Board, allows embedded Linux programming. However, it contains a separate 3D graphics processing unit (GPU) to drive the HDMI connected to the touch screen LCD. Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections are all available. The STM32MP157 microprocessor is its greatest asset. There is also an audio codec, and a built-in M4 MPU that helps low-power operation. Its quality makes it very suitable for IoT devices running user-oriented applications.

Particle Electron is a full-stack IoT (Internet of Things) device platform, including devices, connected hardware, cloud, and even cellular SIM cards. It is equipped with a 120MHz ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller, 1MB flash memory, 128KB RAM, RGB status LEDs, 30 mixed-signal GPIOs and complex peripherals, as well as an open source design. This means that when you buy particle electronics, you will get a cellular module with a particle SIM card, microcontroller, input and output pins, antenna and USB cables, batteries, buttons and LEDs, through which you can connect 120 The Internet in multiple countries.

NanoPi NEO Plus2 is an ARM-based board developed by FriendlyElec, which is less than half the size of Raspberry Pi. But this did not reduce its storage and performance capabilities. Its operating system is Ubuntu Core 16.04, a powerful Linux distribution. It has a 64-bit quad-core Allwinner A53 SoC with six-core Mali450 GPU, 1GB DDR3 RAM, 8GB eMMC storage, Wi-Fi, 4.0 dual-mode Bluetooth and 1 MicroSD slot, 10/100/1000M Ethernet based on RTL8211E -VB-CG. Compared with Raspberry Pi, NanoPi NEO Plus2 has Gigabit Ethernet, 8 GB eMMC storage and two USB ports. It is powered by a micro USB port, and despite its small size, it can provide expandable memory thanks to a microSD card. It also has other advantages, such as low-cost, fast, and high-performance computing.

ESP32 is a low-cost, low-power system of Espressif Systems (SoC) series, including Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth functions. The dual-core or single-core Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor with a clock frequency of up to 240 MHz is one of its main features. ESP32 is specifically designed for mobile devices, wearable electronics and IoT applications. It has a built-in antenna switch, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receiving amplifier, filter, power management module, touch-sensitive pins, and built-in Hall effect sensor and temperature sensor. This is also one of the popular IoT boards based on IoT technology.

ESP8266, located in Shanghai, produces ESP8266, which is a low-cost Wi-Fi microprocessor with a complete TCP/IP stack and microcontroller functions. It has built-in 32-bit low-power CPU, ROM and RAM. It is a complete and independent Wi-Fi network solution that can run software programs on its own or with the help of a microcontroller (MCU). The module has AT command firmware and can be used with any MCU through the COM port. It has 16 GPIO ports and is equipped with an L106 32-bit RISC CPU core based on Tensilica Xtensa diamond standard 106Micro, operating at 80 MHz.

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